7 types of wound
1) Incised wound
- caused by clean cut from sharp edged object
- blood vessels are cut straight across, bleeding may be profuse
- crushing or ripping forces result in tears
- wounds bleed less profusely than incised wound
- laceration often contaminate with germs, so the risk of infection is high.
- caused by sliding fall or fiction burn
- A blunt blow or punch can rupture capillaries beneath the skin, causes blood to leak into the tissues
- may become fracture or internal injury
- being picked by needle
- infection risk is high
- caused by long or bladed instrument, such as knife.
- stab wound must be treated seriously as the danger of injury to vital organs or life threatening internal bleeding.
- Bullet drive into the body.
Treatment for severe bleeding
- Put on your disposable gloves
- Remove all clothing, to expose the wound
- Apply direct pressure over the wound with and finge/palm or a clean/sterile pad. (You can ask the casualty to apply direct pressure himself/herself)
- Raise and support the injured limb above the level of the casualty's heart to reduce blood loss. (Handle it very carefully if suspect there is a fracture)
- Help the casualty to lie down on a blanket to protact her from the cold. (keep the injured part raised and maintain the pressure)
- Secure the dressing with a bandage that is tight enough to maintain the pressure.
- if it continue to bleed, put second dressing on top of the first one. If bleed seeps through the dressing, remove the 2 dressing and apply a new one.
- Support the injured part in a raised position with a sling or bandaging.
Burns
Depth of burns
- First layer - Superficial burn (turn into redish)
- Second layer - Partial-thickness burn
- Third layer - Full-thickness burn (black charts, cannot feel the pain)
1) Dry burn
- caused by flames
- contact with hot objects such as cigarattes
- friction eg. rope burns
- Steam
- hot liquids such as tea
- Low voltage current used by domestic appliances
- high voltage currents
- as carried in mains overhead cables
- lightning strikes
- Frostbite
- contact with freezing metals
- contact with freezing vapours such as liquid oxygen
- industrial chemicals include inhaled fumes
- domestic chemicals and agents such as bleach and other strong acid or alkali
- Sunburn
- Over exposure to ultraviolet rays from a sunlamp
- Exposure to radioactive source such as X-ray
Labels: Basic